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Source: http://familywoodworking.org/forums/showthread.php?29175-Thousand-Cankers-Disease-of-Walnut-Trees
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Dec. 18, 2012 ? Your Christmas tree may be adorned with lights and glitter. But 25,000 insects, mites, and spiders are sound asleep inside the tree.
"There are a number of insects hiding in a Christmas tree," says Associate Professor Bjarte Jordal at the University Museum of Bergen, who goes on to list springtails, bark lice, mites, moths and the odd spider as the creeps most likely to be dragged into the average household come Christmas time.
Jordal is an expert on insects.
"In research on Christmas trees there have been found as many as 25,000 individual creep in some of the trees", Jordal explains. "If you pound the tree on a white cloth before you throw it out after Christmas, you will discover quite a number of small bugs."
How do these creeps end up in the Christmas tree?
"They go to sleep for the winter, or hibernate to use the technical term. They usually empty their bodies of fluids and produce a chilled liquid and are completely inactive. But they reawaken when the tree is brought into the heat of the living room. It?s all down to stimulus. Upon feeling the heat and awakened by the light, they believe that springtime has arrived and spring back to life."
So do they go about wandering around the living room or what?
"No, I believe they stay in the tree. Both the Christmas tree and the house itself will be very dry. Also, most insects don?t live off the tree, only in it. As they cannot feed on the limited plants found in most households, the bugs will quickly dry out and die. These insects and bugs do not constitute any risk or danger to people or furniture. And if anyone is worried about allergic reactions, I don?t think there?s any danger of that. But obviously, should there be an extreme number of mites in a tree people with severe allergies may react to this."
Are there a fixed number of bugs in each and every Christmas tree?
"This varies a lot. Some of it is down to pure coincidence and some of it is down to what type of tree it is. Trees chopped in your own backwoods will contain more bugs than firs and other trees that have been farmed for use as Christmas trees will contain fewer creeps. There is particularly much in Norwegian Pine, whereas Juniper shrub has a fauna of its own."
Can you spot the little beasts on the tree?
"No, they are good at hiding and are invisible to the human eye, although one certainly should be able to spot the odd spider. To get a proper look, you will have to get out a clean, white sheet and shake the tree."
What about the tabloid media?s favourite arachnids ? the ticks? Can they be found in our Christmas trees as well?
"There may very well be, and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health has actually looked into this. Their research suggests that there are three reports every Christmas in Norway of ticks found in Christmas trees. What usually happens is that the family dog has gone to rest under the tree and has incurred ticks. But the overall chances of tick bites are minimal. Also, the dog need not be allowed to rest under the tree. And the ticks are usually in sleep mode when the tree is brought into the house and dead by the time the tree leaves the house after Christmas. So, as I said, the risk is minimal."
But even if there is seemingly little danger or nuisance to expect from these creepy-crawlies, what should people be conscious of to minimise the number of bugs in the Christmas tree?
"I would recommend that you get a locally grown hardwood tree, as this is most likely to have a limited fauna. But you should by no means clean or flush the tree free of bugs, as this will damage the tree. Anyway, there is nothing to fear. You need to take into consideration that there are plenty of insects and bugs in potted plants that are regular features in most households. As we all know, these attract plenty of flies. It?s no different with Christmas trees."
Do you think that people are aware that the Christmas tree they bring into the house is full of little bugs?
"Probably not. After all, these little bugs are invisible to the human eye. I believe there is a trend in people not being particularly knowledgeable about nature. But when you bring a tree into the comfort of your living room, the tree carries a part of nature with it. Yet at the same time people tend to remove themselves more and more from nature."
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Bergen. The original article was written by Jens Helleland ?dnanes; translated from the Norwegian by Sverre Ole Dr?nen.
Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/living_well/~3/uvPtyj0WBm8/121218081830.htm
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Locating the perfect spot to operate your new business may be challenging, unless you know what you are looking for. Read this article to acquire a good groundwork of information that will help you get off on the right foot.
One major part of commercial real estate deals is inspections. When property you are involved in is being inspected, take steps to verify the legitimacy of every inspector. Many people in certain fields are not accredited, including pest and insect removal services. Reviewing credentials will help you prevent major issues after you make the purchase.
TIP! If you have to clean up a property, there?s always a way to save a buck or two. You have to pay for cleaning only if you are the owner of the property.
In order to make sure that you are in prime position to grab that perfect location, gather multiple business partners who are capable of contributing. Find an agreement in advance: you could give the lender a percentage of what you make or repay lenders with fixed interest rates.
When you are negotiating to rent a commercial property, try to have the lease modified so there are few events that are considered to be defaulting on the lease. This decreases the chances that the tenant will default on the lease. This is one thing you don?t want to happen.
To find a trustworthy real estate firm, inquire about their methods on how they make a lot of their money. An honest broker should be willing to discuss this. In fact, you should even be informed how the firms best interest rate is better than yours. Be certain you know exactly what specific benefit they will draw from taking care of this transaction for you.
Take some digital photos of your property. Try to make sure that your pictures shows the defects.
For those who have an interest in real estate, reference websites that offer information to a investors of all experience levels. You can never know too much about commercial real estate, so keep learning!
TIP! Set up your own blog to establish yourself as an expert in your field. By doing this, you will be able to locate people who are looking to buy or lease the type of property you offer.
You need to know the details of emergency maintenance procedures. Talk to the building?s landlord about the person who currently handles emergency repairs. Learn the phone numbers and response times. Work with your landlord to create a contingency plan in the event that an unforeseen disaster occurs; this will allow you to avoid customer service or public relations nightmares.
If you are investing in real estate, consider going big. If you believe that you can easily manage five units, you can probably easily manage 50. Buildings with fewer units require financing just like the ones with more units, and buying larger buildings can actually be cheaper per unit to purchase.
TIP! Searching out larger commercial properties can help you in the long run, so keep an eye out for them. Managing a slightly larger unit does really take that much more work, and doing so actually increases your profit on a per unit basis.
Pest control is a very important issue that you need to be aware of when renting or leasing. If you are renting in an area that is known to have a lot of rodents, pests, or bugs, then ask your agent what the policies on pest control are.
Keep your rental commercial properties occupied. If no one is paying you rent, you?ll be the one footing the bills. If you have more than one empty property, think about why that may be, and consider what you may be doing to drive tenants away.
Keep watch for sellers who are looking to get rid of their properties quickly. Finding them should be your goal, particularly the ones most ready to offer you a below market deal. Unless you find a deal in real estate, nothing is going to happen, and close on the heels of that deal you?ll usually find a motivated seller.
TIP! If you are touring several properties, be sure to utilize a checklist to make things easier for you. Take initial personal responses, but don?t go further without the property owner knowing.
Put your energy toward one investment at a time. For example, you may choose to work mostly with apartment complexes, strip malls, undeveloped land or restaurants. Each purchase will need your complete focus to get it under control. It is a lot better to master one type of investment that to be mediocre with many.
Commercial property investors need to be conscious of drastic inflation in upcoming years. Many past leases included clauses that allowed for CPI based adjustments, which protect signers from inflationary damage per what happens to Consumer Price Index data. This generally doesn?t happen anymore, so unusually high inflation could cause unexpected losses.
The article you just read contains a lot of useful tips you can use when buying or selling commercial property. Use the advice you learned here to stay as informed as possible.
Tags: commercial property, commercial real estate, easily manage, pest controlSource: http://www.myfairlending.com/tips-to-help-you-thrive-in-commercial-real-estate
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TOKYO (AP) ? Many in Japan are hoping that the landslide victory of the opposition Liberal Democrats and trouncing of the Democratic Party in Sunday's parliamentary election will help the country break out of a 20-year economic slump. Here is a summary of the possible economic implications of the coming change in leadership:
? ECONOMIC STIMULUS: Liberal Democratic Party chief Shinzo Abe, who is almost certain to replace Democrat Yoshihiko Noda as prime minister, favors raising spending on public works and setting a 3 percent economic growth target. He has lobbied for stronger action by the central bank to create more demand and break Japan out of its deflationary trap. Critics say that boosting deficit spending too aggressively, though, could undercut confidence in the government bond market, destabilizing Japan's finances.
? TRADE: The Liberal Democrats back Japan's involvement in the Trans-Pacific Partnership, a region-wide free trade initiative backed by the U.S., but demand protection from foreign competition for farmers and other traditional supporters. The party's nationalist policies could hurt exports and industries with heavy investments in China, but powerful business interests ? and the Liberal Democrats' coalition partners in the Komeito ? will likely push Abe to cool tensions with Beijing.
? REFORMS: The party says it will revamp Japan's economic strategy but offers few details on overhauling the bureaucracy and other institutions. It plans corporate tax cuts to help make Japan the "most business-friendly country in the world," but is conservative on such issues as labor market and social reforms offering more opportunities for women.
? ENERGY: Under pressure from the electricity lobby, the Liberal Democrats want to defer decisions on long-term energy strategy for a decade, raising questions over Japan's commitment to using renewable energy to offset capacity lost with the closure of most nuclear plants following the disaster at the Fukushima Dai-Ichi plant in March 2011.
? COALITION: The Liberal Democrats' likely coalition allies, the Komeito, are backed by small businesses and the lay-Buddhist organization Soka Gakkai. Komeito's peace-oriented, anti-nuclear weapons stance could help balance Abe's hawkish views. Komeito favors phasing out nuclear power over 40 years and opposes the TPP but supports other free trade pacts.
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Dec. 13, 2012 ? Researchers have found the first proof that a chemical in the brain called glutamate is linked to suicidal behavior, offering new hope for efforts to prevent people from taking their own lives.
Writing in the journal Neuropsychopharmacology, Michigan State University's Lena Brundin and an international team of co-investigators present the first evidence that glutamate is more active in the brains of people who attempt suicide. Glutamate is an amino acid that sends signals between nerve cells and has long been a suspect in the search for chemical causes of depression.
"The findings are important because they show a mechanism of disease in patients," said Brundin, an associate professor of experimental psychiatry in MSU's College of Human Medicine. "There's been a lot of focus on another neurotransmitter called serotonin for about 40 years now. The conclusion from our paper is that we need to turn some of that focus to glutamate."
Brundin and colleagues examined glutamate activity by measuring quinolinic acid -- which flips a chemical switch that makes glutamate send more signals to nearby cells -- in the spinal fluid of 100 patients in Sweden. About two-thirds of the participants were admitted to a hospital after attempting suicide and the rest were healthy.
They found that suicide attempters had more than twice as much quinolinic acid in their spinal fluid as the healthy people, which indicated increased glutamate signaling between nerve cells. Those who reported the strongest desire to kill themselves also had the highest levels of the acid.
The results also showed decreased quinolinic acid levels among a subset of patients who came back six months later, when their suicidal behavior had ended.
The findings explain why earlier research has pointed to inflammation in the brain as a risk factor for suicide. The body produces quinolinic acid as part of the immune response that creates inflammation.
Brundin said anti-glutamate drugs are still in development, but could soon offer a promising tool for preventing suicide. In fact, recent clinical studies have shown the anesthetic ketamine -- which inhibits glutamate signaling -- to be extremely effective in fighting depression, though its side effects prevent it from being used widely today.
In the meantime, Brundin said physicians should be aware of inflammation as a likely trigger for suicidal behavior. She is partnering with doctors in Grand Rapids, Mich., to design clinical trials using anti-inflammatory drugs.
"In the future, it's likely that blood samples from suicidal and depressive patients will be screened for inflammation," Brundin said. "It is important that primary health care physicians and psychiatrists work closely together on this."
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/BQ3seObRjAQ/121214091614.htm
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SAN FRANCISCO (AP) ? A federal appeals court will hear Barry Bonds' appeal of his obstruction of justice conviction early next year.
The 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals on Thursday scheduled oral arguments for Feb. 13 before a three-judge panel in San Francisco.
The career home run leader was convicted in April 2011 of one felony obstruction count for giving an evasive, rambling reply during a 2003 grand jury appearance when asked whether he received drugs that required a syringe.
The jury deadlocked on three charges he made false statements, and prosecutors dropped those counts in August 2011.
U.S. District Judge Susan Illston sentenced Bonds to 30 days of house arrest, two years of probation, 250 hours of community service in youth-related activities and a $4,000 fine. She delayed imposing the sentence pending the appeal.
Bonds' lawyers argue the answer was accurate and not meant to obstruct.
Bonds initially was charged in November 2007.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/appeals-court-hear-bonds-appeal-feb-13-234349064--mlb.html
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WASHINGTON (AP) ? Nineteen states have turned down the Obama administration's invitation to run the new health insurance markets that will begin serving millions of uninsured Americans less than a year from now. That puts a huge task on the feds, a defining challenge for President Barack Obama's second term.
Friday is decision day for states to notify Washington if they will set up their own insurance exchanges under the federal health care law. Monitoring by The Associated Press finds a divided nation moving ahead, despite the misgivings of some state officials. Half the states now say they will participate in some way.
Still, drafters of the law did not anticipate that so many states would remain on the sidelines at this late stage. Federal control of the new state markets where individuals, families and small businesses will shop for taxpayer-subsidized private coverage was seen as a failsafe, not the standard for nearly half the country. Critics predict delays.
All of the states refusing are led by Republicans.
On the other side of the ledger, 17 states and Washington, D.C., say they want to set up and run their own markets. The administration has already started granting approvals. Eight other states have indicated they want to pursue a partnership with Washington, and more may do so. Only six remain undecided.
Exchanges are the gateway to the new health care law for individuals and families who buy their own health insurance, as well as for small businesses.
Currently, it's hard to tell what's a good plan or a fair price. You can get turned down if you have a medical problem, charged more if you are older or a woman. The health care law forbids insurers from turning away the sick, limits what they can charge older people and bans gender-based surcharges. It also requires virtually all Americans to get coverage or face fines.
Exchanges are supposed to make picking health insurance like buying an airline ticket from an online travel site like Orbitz or Expedia.
There will be a website, and you'll be able to put in your ZIP code and get a list of available health plans. There will be a section where you can find out if you qualify for subsidies, or for Medicaid. There will be cost calculators to allow you to compare different levels of coverage: platinum, gold, silver and bronze. There will be tools that allow you to see if your doctor or hospital is with a particular plan.
Middle-class consumers will be able to find out if they are eligible for government help with their premiums for private insurance. Initially, nearly 9 of every 10 taking part will get assistance.
Low-income people can use the exchanges to find out whether they are eligible for expanded Medicaid coverage under the law. In addition to deciding how to implement exchanges, states must also decide whether to accept the Medicaid expansion. There's no deadline set for that decision, and most are still weighing options.
Open enrollment for exchange plans starts next Oct. 1, and coverage begins Jan. 1, 2014. Initially around 10 million people are expected to sign up, growing rapidly thereafter. California, New York and Kentucky are among the states that have opted to create their own exchanges. Among those passing are Texas, Georgia and Kansas. Partnership states include Illinois and West Virginia.
Republican governors rejecting state exchanges have cited a variety of reasons. Some say the administration has not provided enough information. Others say there's too much federal regulation. Most have concerns about costs. But some Republican leaders have broken ranks, including governors in Idaho, Nevada and New Mexico, and the insurance commissioner in Mississippi.
In announcing his support for a state exchange this week, Idaho Gov. C.L. "Butch" Otter said, "it would be irresponsible of me to simply abandon the field to federal bureaucrats. In the face of uncertainty we must assert our independence and our commitment to self-determination, while fulfilling our responsibility to the rule of law."
Indeed, exchanges have a Republican pedigree. The idea was pioneered in Massachusetts under then-Gov. Mitt Romney's health care overhaul.
"All this is full of irony," said consultant Jon Kingsdale, who founded the Massachusetts exchange for Romney. "If you had asked many of those (Republican) governors four years ago before this got politicized, it would have been a no-brainer: 'We want the states to do it.'"
The health care law increased the power of the federal government, but states that run their own exchanges retain important roles overseeing insurance plans, addressing consumer issues and coordinating between the new marketplace and their Medicaid plans. That last item may be the most important, since Medicaid is a major component of state budgets.
Critics of the law believe the Obama administration will be overwhelmed trying to set up so many exchanges in states that are hostile to the idea. Some say the president may have to accept delays, perhaps in the face-saving context of budget negotiations where a delay would count as savings. Publicly, administration officials are adamant that won't happen, and independent observers are starting to believe them.
"It would be politically unwise for the president to delay the start of these benefits," said Dan Mendelson, president of Avalere Health, a market analysis firm. "If this is going to be a legacy item, he's got to move forward."
The key to that will be something called the federal exchange, the fallback, which is on a tight development schedule overseen by Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius.
The government has awarded two big technology contracts for exchanges. Virginia-based CGI Federal Inc. is building the federal exchange. Maryland-based Quality Software Services Inc. is building what's called the federal data services hub, an electronic back office that will be used by the federal exchange and state exchanges to verify identity, income, citizenship and legal residence.
Estimated price tag for the federal exchange: at least $860 million.
"We are all keenly aware that open enrollment is coming quickly," said Gary Cohen, who heads the HHS office overseeing the rollout. "And we will be ready to open our doors."
___
Associated Press writer John Miller in Boise, Idaho, contributed to this report.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/time-states-decide-health-care-exchanges-201316956.html
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